I’m starting a new series on shiurim on the history of machloket and began with what I thought was the earliest halachic dispute, between Yosef and his brothers about whether they had the status of Bnei Yisrael before the Torah was given or if they also had the stringencies of Bnei Noach.
Afterwards, someone pointed out that the earliest machloket was between Gd and the angels over whether or not to create the universe (Bereishit Rabba 8:5).